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(Updated: December 25, 2016) In a previous article we discussed the Washington-Moscow Hotline , being the most famous bilateral hotline. It was soon followed by direct communication links between a number of other countries with nuclear capabilities. In general these hotlines started as a teletype connection, being upgraded with facsimile units in the eighties and were eventually turned into dedicated secure computer networks. An exception is the hotline between Washington and London, which was a phone line already since 1943. Overview of the top level bilateral hotlines worldwide (Click to enlarge) The hotlines between the heads of governments, are meant to prevent (nuclear) war in times of severe crisis. For preventing misunderstandings and miscommunications in less critical situations, countries have also set up lower level telephone hotlines between their defense or foreign ministers. For example, the United States has so called Defense Telephone Links with at least 23 other states...

Performing factory reset on your Samsung Galaxy Note 2 will ease you from severe lag, hang, frozen issues. If you want to make your device in a re-fresh condition then factory reset may solve it all. This may also useful if you need to wipe all data and restore the device to its original default settings. One downside of doing factory reset is that you need to make a back-up copy of all important files you have saved on it, for it will all be deleted once the process done. If your Galaxy Note is rooted, then its been easy for you to make a back-up all of it via CWM recovery. For unrooted devices you can use any back-up apps like Samsung Kies that sync all your data and saved it to the computer. Factory Reset via Settings From Home screen tap on "Settings" Tap on "Select Back up and Reset" Choose "Factory Data Reset" Reset all settings and delete all data on device. Enter "Reset Device". Then, select "Erase Everything". Factory ...

As you spend more time gazing into computer screens of all sizes during your working hours, you're bound to suffer from condition known as computer vision syndrome (CVS). Read More »

Last week, David Petraeus resigned as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), after admitting he had an extramarital affair with his biographer Paula Broadwell. This led to many news reports and also many pictures on the internet. Some of them give a nice look at the telecommunications equipment which general Petraeus used when, from July 2010 to July 2011, he was commander of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Kabul, Afghanistan: ISAF Commander Petraeus being interviewed by Paula Broadwell (Photo: paulabroadwell.com, date unknown) In this picture we see the following telecommunication devices: Video conferencing screens On Petraeus' desk we see two Centric 1700 MXP video teleconferencing screens, made by the Norwegian manufacturer Tandberg . In 2010 this company was bought by Cisco Systems, and so the 1700 MXP screens are often used by US military officials. They are equipped with a HD camera and have a widescreen LCD screen, which operates both a...